ext4

Fstab is file system table your operating system. fstab file location:

/etc/fstab

In a Linux-based system, /etc/fstab file is one of the most important files. It contains all available disks, disk partitions and their options. You can open and see your fstab file system as follows

vi /etc/fstab

Check mount information of partition /dev/sdb1

lsblk -d -fs /dev/sdb1

If you add new hard disk or repartition an existing one, you’ll have to modify this file. And for every partition has been described on a separate line and each line contains six fields which provide information about its mount.

Device is the first field represents disk or partition name. Most distributions specify partitions by their labels or UUIDs.
```
/dev/sda1
```
or
```
80b496fa-ce2d-4dcf-9afc-bcaa731a67f1
```
Mount point is the second field represents directory where the partition or disk will be mounted. And the directory should be an empty directory.
```
/backup
```
File system type the third field represents the file system type.
```
ext4
```
Options is the fourth field represents the mount options. Here, we will use default options. Default mount options sets are:
- rw (read-write);
- suid (respect setuid and setgid bits);
- dev (interpret characters and block devices on the filesystem);
- exec (allow executing binaries and scripts);
- auto (mount the filesystem when the -a option of the mount command is used);
- nouser (make the filesystem not mountable by a standard user);
- async (perform I/O operations on the filesystem asynchronously).
```
defaults
```
Backup operation is the fifth field and can be either 0 or 1. ‘1’, if the dump utility should back up a partition and ‘0’, if it shouldn’t.
```
1
```
File system check order is the sixth field represents fsck checks order for device/partition errors at boot time. ‘0’ means that fsck should not check file system. Higher numbers represent the check order. The root partition have value ‘1’ and all others should have value from 2.
```
2
```

Check mount information of partition /dev/sdb1

lsblk -d -fs /dev/sdb1

It is a regular practice for server administrators. In most cases, large storage devices are divided into separate sections called partitions.

At first, verify that you have available space on the server for partitions.

fdisk -l

Following command will list all detected hard disks:

fdisk -l | grep '^Disk'

Choose disk or device you want to create or make partition (such as /dev/vda, /dev/vda1, /dev/sda, /dev/sdb etc). Here I will partition the disk /dev/sda (256GB) into /dev/sda1 (100GB) and /dev/sda2 (156GB). Please follow the following steps to create partitions accordingly:

Run
```
fdisk /dev/sda
```
Type ‘n’ to create a new partition (/dev/sda1)
Select partition type (default p)
Set partition number (default 1)
Set First sector (default 2048)
Set Last sector of the partition: +100G
Type ‘p’ to view the partition.
Then type ‘n’ to create another partition (/dev/sda2)
Select default partition type, default partition number, default First sector and Last sector
Type ‘p’ to view the partition.
Type ‘w” to save the partition.
Run the command ‘partprobe’ to have the OS detect the new partition table.
```
partprobe
```
Format partitions with the ext4 file system
```
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
```
Create a directory to mount the new drive, for example: /data, /backup [Learn more]
- Create directory within root
```
mkdir ~/data
```
- Create directory within /
```
mkdir -p /backup
```
To enable persistent mounting of the file system, even after a reboot, add the following to /etc/fstab:
```
/dev/sda1 /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/sda2 /mnt/backup ext4 defaults 0 0
```
fstab [Learn more]
Directory Tree Structure In Linux [Learn more]

Linux fstab File and how it works | Understanding fstab file system

Creating and deleting partitions in Linux