Find & fix – Page 6

April 29, 2020 by dev Leave a Comment

Create, delete (remove) and rename directories in linux

Create directory for example ‘newdir’
- Create on current working directory
```
mkdir newdir
```
  This will create directory in your current location.
- Create directory in specific location. For example, /home
```
mkdir /home/newdir
```
- Create directory in root
```
mkdir ~/newdir
```
- Create directory into parent directory
```
mkdir -p /newdir
```
Remove (delete) directory for example olddir
- Delete an empty directory
```
rmdir olddir
```
- Delete both empty and non-empty directories.
  - To delete an empty directory, use the -d option.
```
rm -d olddir
```
  - To delete a non-empty directory, use the -r option.
```
rm -r olddir
```
- Remove write-protected directory. Use the -f option
```
rm -rf olddir
```
- To remove multiple directories at once
```
rm -r olddir1 olddir2 olddir3
```
- If the directory contains lot of files, use -I option which will prompt only once before proceeding with the deletion.
```
rm -rI olddir
```
- Remove directories with find command
```
find
```
Rename directory
```
mv /olddir /newdir
```
Copy Directory copy vmail to home
```
cp -R /var/vmail /home
```
Directory or file permission [Follow this]

April 26, 2020 by dev Leave a Comment

Creating and deleting partitions in Linux

It is a regular practice for server administrators. In most cases, large storage devices are divided into separate sections called partitions.

At first, verify that you have available space on the server for partitions.

fdisk -l

Following command will list all detected hard disks:

fdisk -l | grep '^Disk'

Choose disk or device you want to create or make partition (such as /dev/vda, /dev/vda1, /dev/sda, /dev/sdb etc). Here I will partition the disk /dev/sda (256GB) into /dev/sda1 (100GB) and /dev/sda2 (156GB). Please follow the following steps to create partitions accordingly:

Run
```
fdisk /dev/sda
```
Type ‘n’ to create a new partition (/dev/sda1)
Select partition type (default p)
Set partition number (default 1)
Set First sector (default 2048)
Set Last sector of the partition: +100G
Type ‘p’ to view the partition.
Then type ‘n’ to create another partition (/dev/sda2)
Select default partition type, default partition number, default First sector and Last sector
Type ‘p’ to view the partition.
Type ‘w” to save the partition.
Run the command ‘partprobe’ to have the OS detect the new partition table.
```
partprobe
```
Format partitions with the ext4 file system
```
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
```
Create a directory to mount the new drive, for example: /data, /backup [Learn more]
- Create directory within root
```
mkdir ~/data
```
- Create directory within /
```
mkdir -p /backup
```
To enable persistent mounting of the file system, even after a reboot, add the following to /etc/fstab:
```
/dev/sda1 /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/sda2 /mnt/backup ext4 defaults 0 0
```
fstab [Learn more]
Directory Tree Structure In Linux [Learn more]

April 25, 2020 by dev Leave a Comment

Check Opened and Closed Ports on Linux

List opened ports with protocol name :
```
netstat --listen --tcp
```

List opened ports with protocol number :
```
netstat --listen --tcp -n
```

Check a Port 587 is Not Blocked. For example, Port 25
```
telnet yourdomain.tld 25
```
- 220 response confirm port not blocked
- Unable to connect or Connection refused confirm port blocked.

April 24, 2020 by dev Leave a Comment

IMAP compiled into php

Run this command

cd /usr/local/directadmin/custombuild
./build update
./build set_php imap yes
./build php_imap

April 23, 2020 by dev 1 Comment

The service ‘exim’ on server xxx is currently down

Rebuild your exim.

cd /usr/local/directadmin/custombuild
./build update
./build set exim yes
./build set eximconf yes
./build set eximconf_release 4.5
./build set spamassassin yes
./build update
./build exim
./build exim_conf

Start, stop and restart the Exim mail server

Start Services:

/etc/init.d/exim start

service exim start

Stop Services:

/etc/init.d/exim stop

service exim stop

Restart Services

/etc/init.d/exim restart

service exim restart

Status of Exim service:

/etc/init.d/exim status

service exim status

systemctl status exim.service

Edit exim conf

vi /etc/exim.conf

Helpfiles for Exim

https://help.directadmin.com/?topic=17