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How to Zip and Unzip Files and Directories in Linux

  • Zip Command
  • How to zip files
  • How to zip directory / directories
  • How to Test if a ZIP File is Valid
  • How to unzip a zip
  • How to unzip a zip to a different directory

zip Command

zip OPTIONS ARCHIVE_NAME FILES

To zip one or more files

zip archive-name.zip filename1 filename2 filename3

Create a zip archive of a directory including the content of sub-directories. The -r option allows to traverse the whole directory structure recursively:

To zip one directory including sub-directories.

zip -r archive-name.zip directory-name

To add multiple files and directories in the same archive

zip -r archive-name.zip directory-name1 directory-name2 file1 file2

How to Test if a ZIP File is Valid

unzip -t archive-name.zip

This is useful if you think the zipped file has been damaged or corrupted.

To extract a zip file in the same directory

unzip archive-name.zip

To extract a zip file to a different directory

unzip -d archive-name.zip /path-to-unzip

The –d switch tells the system to put the unzipped files somewhere else.

To overwrite unzipped files/folders

unzip -o archive-name.zip

 

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How to change the root password

  • Resetting the Root Password
  • How to Change a Password in Linux
  • How to Reset or Change the Root Password in Linux
  • How to change root password in Ubuntu Linux
  • How to Reset the root Password

1. Login to your server using existing root password.

2. After login you can change the root password with below command.

passwd root

That’s aLL!

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How to enable and disable dangerous php functions | CWP

How to disable dangerous php functions

PHP switcher :

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /usr/local/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini

PHP-CGI selector :

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php53/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php54/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php55/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php56/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php70/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php71/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php72/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php73/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php74/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php80/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini

PHP_FPM Selector :
** Don’t forget to restart php-fpm after changes

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php-fpm53/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini && service php-fpm53 restart

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php-fpm54/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini && service php-fpm54 restart

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php-fpm55/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini && service php-fpm55 restart

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php-fpm56/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini && service php-fpm56 restart

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php-fpm70/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini && service php-fpm70 restart

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php-fpm71/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini && service php-fpm71 restart

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php-fpm72/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini && service php-fpm72 restart

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php-fpm73/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini && service php-fpm73 restart

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php-fpm74/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini && service php-fpm74 restart

echo "disable_functions = exec, system, popen, proc_open, shell_exec, passthru, show_source" > /opt/alt/php-fpm80/usr/php/php.d/disabled_function.ini && service php-fpm80 restart

How to enable back the dangerous php functions

To enable it back, simply delete disabled_function.ini file for the PHP version you want and restart apache/php-fpm.

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Linux edquota Command Examples to Edit User and Group File Quota

By default, edquota will open up the quota file in an Vi editor, from where you can change the values.

Edit User Quota

edquota -u username

This will edit the quota for user “username”.

Edit Group Quota

To edit group quota, use -g.

edquota -g groupname

This will edit the quota for group “groupname”

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OJS Email Sending Problem

  • There was a problem sending an email message. Please try again later, or contact your system administrator.

At first, check whether Principal Contact details were added in Journal. Then go for Step One.

Step One

Turn on SMTP in config.php

[email]

; Use SMTP for sending mail instead of mail()
 smtp = On

; SMTP server settings
 smtp_server = mail.example.com
 smtp_port = 25

; Enable SMTP authentication
; Supported smtp_auth: ssl, tls (see PHPMailer SMTPSecure)
 smtp_auth = ssl
 smtp_username = username
 smtp_password = password
;

You contact hosting provider to get the SMTP details

NB: If the above setting does not work anyway, then go for adding envelop sender.

Step Two

Allow envelop sender

; Allow envelope sender to be specified
; (may not be possible with some server configurations)
 allow_envelope_sender = On

; Default envelope sender to use if none is specified elsewhere
 default_envelope_sender = my_address@my_host.com

; Force the default envelope sender (if present)
; This is useful if setting up a site-wide no-reply address
; The reply-to field will be set with the reply-to or from address.
 force_default_envelope_sender = On

Make sure to match the domain in your default_envelope_sender with the domain of OJS installation. If it doesn’t match this increases the spam rating.