Dev {Tricks}

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AddHandler, AddType, SetHandler in htaccess | Change PHP version for directory or folder

cPanel-generated handler

# php -- BEGIN cPanel-generated handler, do not edit
# Set the “ea-php72” package as the default “PHP” programming language.
AddHandler application/x-httpd-ea-php72 .php .php7 .phtml
# php -- END cPanel-generated handler, do not edit

 

<IfModule mime_module>
AddHandler application/x-httpd-ea-php56___lsphp .php .php5 .phtml
</IfModule>

<IfModule mime_module>
AddType application/x-httpd-ea-php56___lsphp .php .php7 .phtml .htm .html
</IfModule>

<FilesMatch “\.(php4|php5|php3|php2|php|phtml)$”>
SetHandler application/x-lsphp56
</FilesMatch>

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
AddHandler application/x-httpd-php56 .php
</IfModule>

AddHandler application/x-httpd-php56 .php .php5 .php4 .php3

<FilesMatch ".(?:html|php)$">
SetHandler application/x-lsphp56
</FilesMatch>

 

 

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[autoindex:error] No matching DirectoryIndex

[Sun May 17 05:22:43.313979 2020] [autoindex:error] [pid 1234:tid 140222558668] [client 9.1228.110.167:171311] AH01276: Cannot serve directory /home/***/***/***.com/private_html/: No matching DirectoryIndex (index.html,index.htm,index.shtml,index.php,index.phtml) found, and server-generated directory index forbidden by Options directive, referer: https://www.***.com/

Reason One:

Apache Error

By default Apache is configured with the following:

<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>

We have to change it to

<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
</IfModule>

Adding index.php directive.

How to change?

Open httpd.conf

vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Change accordingly and then restart httpd

systemctl restart httpd

Reason Two:

Symbolink link error from private_html

“Use a symbolink link from private_html to public_html – allows for same data in http and https” instead of “Use a directory named private_html”

 

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How to change UID and GID? chown

UID = User ID
GID = Group ID

We can change UID and GID with command ‘chown’ login with SSH.

chown -R newuserID:newgroupID folder_name

For example, to change myfolder UID and GID

chown -R bdhostit:bdhostit myfolder

or to change maildir UID and GID. Here, “bdhostit” is account’s username.

chown -R bdhostit:mail /home/bdhostit/domains/Maildir

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Linux fstab File and how it works | Understanding fstab file system

Fstab is file system table your operating system. fstab file location:

/etc/fstab

In a Linux-based system, /etc/fstab file is one of the most important files. It contains all available disks, disk partitions and their options. You can open and see your fstab file system as follows

vi /etc/fstab

Check mount information of partition /dev/sdb1

lsblk -d -fs /dev/sdb1

If you add new hard disk or repartition an existing one, you’ll have to modify this file. And for every partition has been described on a separate line and each line contains six fields which provide information about its mount.

  1. Device is the first field represents disk or partition name. Most distributions specify partitions by their labels or UUIDs. 
    /dev/sda1

    or

    80b496fa-ce2d-4dcf-9afc-bcaa731a67f1
  2. Mount point is the second field represents directory where the partition or disk will be mounted. And the directory should be an empty directory. 
    /backup
  3. File system type the third field represents the file system type. 
    ext4
  4. Options is the fourth field represents the mount options. Here, we will use default options. Default mount options sets are:
    • rw (read-write);
    • suid (respect setuid and setgid bits);
    • dev (interpret characters and block devices on the filesystem);
    • exec (allow executing binaries and scripts);
    • auto (mount the filesystem when the -a option of the mount command is used);
    • nouser (make the filesystem not mountable by a standard user);
    • async (perform I/O operations on the filesystem asynchronously). 
      defaults
  5. Backup operation is the fifth field and can be either 0 or 1. ‘1’, if the dump utility should back up a partition and ‘0’, if it shouldn’t. 
    1
  6. File system check order is the sixth field represents fsck checks order for device/partition errors at boot time. ‘0’ means that fsck should not check file system. Higher numbers represent the check order. The root partition have value ‘1’ and all others should have value from 2. 
    2

Check mount information of partition /dev/sdb1

lsblk -d -fs /dev/sdb1