Server and Hosting

April 16, 2020 by dev Leave a Comment

Fdisk command line in Linux to help to manage partitions

fdisk command line utility is used to view and manage hard disks and partitions on Linux systems.

Commonly used fdisk commands.

n – Create partition
p – print partition table
d – delete a partition
q – exit without saving the changes
w – write the changes and exit.

Display disk cylinders | View all existing disk partitions | command to list the partitions | View all Disk Partitions in Linux | List Partitions
```
fdisk -l
```
View partitions of a specific hard disk (for example, vda)
```
fdisk -l /dev/vda
```
To get more information detailed and size readable by human of a specific hard disk.
```
partx -s /dev/vda
```
Delete a hard disk partition
If you would like to combine several partitions (for example, /dev/vda2 and /dev/vda3) into a single disk partition, you have to first delete all those individual partitions, as shown below.
```
fdisk /dev/vda
```
Then
```
Command (m for help): p
```
Then
```
Command (m for help): d
```
Then
```
Partition number (1-5): 3
```
Then
```
Command (m for help): d
```
Then
```
Partition number (1-5): 2
```
Then
```
Command (m for help): w
```
Create a new disk partition
```
fdisk /dev/sda
```
```
Command (m for help): n
```

April 16, 2020 by dev Leave a Comment

A tarball is a group of files that are bundled together using the tar command.

Use following command line to uncompress .tar.gz file. For example, name.tar.gz
```
$ tar xvzf name.tar.gz
```
Where,
x = Tells tar to extract the files.
v = Stands for “verbose” will list all of the files one by one in the archive.
z = Tells the tar command to uncompress the file (gzip).
f = Tells tar to give it a file name to work with.
To uncompress into a different directory
```
$ tar xvzf name.tar.gz -C /path/to/directory
```
Where,
c = change the directory
To extract specificc file from .tar.gz tarball. For example, myfile.php
```
$ tar -xvzf name.tar.gz myfile.php
```
To view detailed file list
```
$ tar -tvf name.tar.gz
```

April 16, 2020 by dev Leave a Comment

Here I will show you how to change port from 2222 to 9999 in two steps.

Step One: DirectAdmin

To change port of my choice (e.g., 9999), I have to open directadmin.conf as follows

vi /usr/local/directadmin/conf/directadmin.conf

Change port from 2222 to 9999

port=9999

Save and exit vi

:wq

Step Two: CSF

Find and change ports in CSF (ConfigServer Security & Firewall). Open csf.conf

vi /etc/csf/csf.conf

Change as follows:

TCP_IN = "9999"
TCP_OUT = "9999"

Save and exit vi

:wq

Restart the CSF firewall

csf -r

Then restart the DirectAdmin

service directadmin restart

You can do above task in login to DirectAdmin too.

April 15, 2020 by dev Leave a Comment

We can do it just in two steps.

Step One:

At first we will create new root user as follows (for example, newroot)

Login as root using SSH.
Create new user e.g., newroot and add user to wheel group
```
useradd -G wheel newroot
```
Set password for newroot
```
passwd newroot
```
You will get option to enter password. Use letter and number only.
Save the newroot and password somewhere of you edge.
Su to newroot
```
su - newroot
```
Test sudo permission (permission should be root)
```
sudo whoami
```
Enter password of newroot and it will show result “root”.
Open sshd config file and check whether it has the “newroot” in AllowUsers. If not, add the user manually. (usually at the end).
```
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
```
[Permission Denied!] Quit :q
```
AllowUsers newroot
```
Restart sshd.service
```
sudo systemctl restart sshd.service
```

Step Two:

Now we are going to disable the root user. Before doing this, you have to logout from “root” and then login with “newroot”.

You can only disable the “root”, if you can successfully login with “newroot”.

After successfully login with “newroot”, su to “root” using root password.
```
su - root
```
Then open sshd_config.
```
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
```
Search and change permitRootLogin “yes” to “no” as follows.
```
permitRootLogin no
```
Restart sshd.service to implement the change
```
sudo systemctl restart sshd.service
```
Now logout from “newroot” and try to login “root”
Login with root now not allowed. Access Deny.
So login with “newroot” and then su to root with root password
```
su - root
```

April 13, 2020 by dev Leave a Comment

Follow the steps below:

Create folder for the module at components/modules/ (for example, namesilo. Folder name must be matched with suggested name of module provider.)
Upload module zip and extract files to components/modules/namesilo/.
Log on to the Blesta admin dashboard and go to Settings -> Company -> Modules -> Available.
Install the module and add necessary details as required.