Dev {Tricks}

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How To Move Home Directory To New Partition Or Disk In Linux

Get Partition Information

To get the block device information using the lsblk command, run:

lsblk

As stated earlier, we can also use the fdisk command to get the block device information.

sudo fdisk -l

To check under which partition the home directory is mounted, use the df command. In my case, it is mounted under /.

df -h /home

Create New Partition

Let’s create a new partition from the new drive where the home partition will be mounted. I will be using the fdisk utility to create a partition. In my case, I will add partition on /dev/sda disk.

sudo fdisk /dev/sda

Type “n” to create a new partition.

It will prompt you to choose the partition type, partition number, first sector, and last sector.

Type “w” and it will write the changes to the partition table.

Now verify if the new partition (i.e. sdb1 -> 10G) is created by listing the block device information with the lsblk command:

lsblk /dev/sda

Format and mount the Partition

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

Now the partition can be mounted to any directory as you wish. Since we are going to mount this directory temporarily, I am choosing /mnt directory.

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Disk Usage Check | CWP | CWPpro

In most cases, full disk space usage on a server is caused by backups or logs but it can be also many other things.
Lets find out the cause and fix it.
List partitions and usage

df -h

Check Disk Usage per User

repquota -a -s

Show only accounts with usage in Gbytes

repquota -a -s | grep G

Check Disk Usage per Partition ignoring links
* You can replace /home with the parition or folder you want to check
Let’s check /home partition

du -hx --max-depth 1 /home

Show only folders with usage in Gbytes

du -hx --max-depth 1 /home | grep G

Check /var partition

du -hx --max-depth 1 /var

Show only folders with usage in Gbytes

du -hx --max-depth 1 /var | grep G

Check Mail folder /var/vmail

du -hx --max-depth 1 /var/vmail

Show only folders with usage in Gbytes

du -hx --max-depth 1 /var/vmail | grep G

Check MySQL folder /var/lib/mysql

du -hx --max-depth 1 /var/lib/mysql

Show only folders with usage in Gbytes

du -hx --max-depth 1 /var/lib/mysql | grep G

Check Backups

du -hx --max-depth 1 /backup

Show only folders with usage in Gbytes

du -hx --max-depth 1 /backup | grep G

Show only daily backup folder with usage in Gbytes

du -hx --max-depth 1 /backup/daily | grep G

Now when you know how to check the partitions and folders here are some useful commands to check files in the folder sorted by size:

ls -lahS /folder/location

Example for MySQL folder /var/lib/mysql/

ls -lahS /var/lib/mysql/

Some useful scripts we already have are checking the most frequent folders:
/var/log/
/usr/local/apache/logs/
/usr/local/apache/domlogs/
/usr/local/cwpsrv/logs/
/tmp
/root
/var/lib/mysql/

/scripts/disk_check

Delete Files
Now when you know how to check, the question is how can you delete or empty files.
Note that you shouldn’t delete files other than logs or backups as all others can crash your server.

Log files are in use by the programs so in case you want to clean big active log files you can’t just delete them as they will remain invisible until you restart the service.
The solution is to empty the file, example:

:> /usr/local/apache/logs/access_log

However all other logs files you can simply delete, examples

rm -f  filename

An example case when you have active log files and logrotated which are not active and are renamed with -DATE

Delete single log file NOT currently in use by service

rm -f /var/log/maillog-20211108

Delete all maillog files NOT currently in use by service

rm -f /var/log/maillog-*

Empty active log file which is in use by the service

:> /var/log/maillog

* If you are not sure it’s better to grab a support service and have the experienced sysadmin to check this for you.

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How to clean all log files in CWP or CWP Pro | Control Web Panel

CWP – Delete All Log Files

First create a file in /root dir :

cd /root
vi clearlog.sh

Then paste this Bash script and save it by press ctrl+x:

#!/bin/bash

truncate -s 0 /usr/local/apache/logs/*bytes
truncate -s 0 /usr/local/apache/logs/*log
truncate -s 0 /usr/local/apache/domlogs/*bytes
truncate -s 0 /usr/local/apache/domlogs/*log
truncate -s 0 /var/log/messages
truncate -s 0 /var/log/maillog
truncate -s 0 /var/log/*log
truncate -s 0 /opt/alt/*/usr/var/log/php-fpm.log
truncate -s 0 /usr/local/cwpsrv/logs/access_log
truncate -s 0 /usr/local/cwpsrv/logs/error_log
truncate -s 0 /var/log/cron
truncate -s 0 /var/log/secure
truncate -s 0 /var/log/cwp/services_action.log
truncate -s 0 /var/log/cwp/cwp_sslmod.log
truncate -s 0 /var/log/cwp/cwp_cron.log
truncate -s 0 /var/log/cwp/cwp_backup.log
truncate -s 0 /var/log/cwp/activity.log
rm -rf /var/log/maillog-*
rm -rf /var/log/monit.log-*
rm -rf /var/log/spooler-*
rm -rf /var/log/messages-*
rm -rf /var/log/secure-*
rm -rf /var/log/pureftpd.log-*
rm -rf /var/log/yum.log-*
rm -rf /var/log/monit.log-*
rm -rf /var/log/cron-*

Change the permission :

chmod 755 /root/clearlog.sh

Now run this command to run the clear log script:

sh /root/clearlog.sh

Thats it the logs will be cleared you can go and check to the respected locations of the log.

Cron Job :

You can also create cron job like below by following solution 2 and create this cron job task according to your needs :

TO run DAILY :

0 0 * * * /usr/bin/sh /root/clearlog.sh

TO run Weekly :

0 0 * * 0 /usr/bin/sh /root/clearlog.sh

TO run Monthly:

0 0 1 * * /usr/bin/sh /root/clearlog.sh

That’s All!
It will save lot’s of space.

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Verify your SPF and DKIM records

How to verify your DKIM records

To check DKIM verification:

  1. Go to http://dkimcore.org/tools/keycheck.html.
  2. In the Selector field, enter SENDER.
  3. In the Domain name field, enter your domain name (without www).
  4. Click Check.
  5. If your DKIM Key is valid, the following message displays: This is a valid DKIM key.
  6. Compare the key to your DKIM records in DNS Records.

How to verify your SPF records

To check SPF verification:

  1. Go to http://www.webtoolhub.com.
  2. In the Enter URL field, enter the full domain name and click Show.
  3. Compare the key to your SPF records in DNS Records.

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nginx free WAF error while using nginx 1.23 and above | aaPanel

  • nginx: [emerg] “lua_package_path” directive is duplicate in /www/server/panel/vhost/nginx/free_waf.conf:4
    nginx: configuration file /www/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed

Solution:

Nginx 1.23 and above do not support the Nginx free firewall, it is recommended to use nginx 1.22